Al instalar algún paquete en mi sistema Arch Linux, noté una operación de importación de certificados que agregó 157 CA nuevas, lo cual es extraño para mí:
Sincronice certificados locales con certificados del almacén de confianza local de Linux.
¿Qué son estos certificados y por qué los necesito? ¿Por qué los paquetes mono los importan y de dónde (dice "almacén de confianza local de Linux")?
Aquí está el registro con los nombres de certificado de pacman -S output.
:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]
:: Retrieving packages...
mono-4.6.1.3-1-x86_64 8.3 MiB 94.6K/s 01:29 [######################] 100%
keepass-2.34-1-any 1220.1 KiB 81.8K/s 00:15 [######################] 100%
(4/4) checking keys in keyring [######################] 100%
(4/4) checking package integrity [######################] 100%
(4/4) loading package files [######################] 100%
(4/4) checking for file conflicts [######################] 100%
(4/4) checking available disk space [######################] 100%
:: Processing package changes...
(1/4) installing libgdiplus [######################] 100%
(2/4) installing mono [######################] 100%
Linux Cert Store Sync - version 4.6.1.0
Synchronize local certs with certs from local Linux trust store.
Copyright 2002, 2003 Motus Technologies. Copyright 2004-2008 Novell. BSD licensed.
I already trust 0, your new list has 157
Certificate added: CN=ACCVRAIZ1, OU=PKIACCV, O=ACCV, C=ES
Certificate added: CN=ACEDICOM Root, OU=PKI, O=EDICOM, C=ES
Certificate added: C=IT, L=Milan, O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967, CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA
Certificate added: C=SE, O=AddTrust AB, OU=AddTrust External TTP Network, CN=AddTrust External CA Root
Certificate added: C=SE, O=AddTrust AB, OU=AddTrust TTP Network, CN=AddTrust Class 1 CA Root
Certificate added: C=SE, O=AddTrust AB, OU=AddTrust TTP Network, CN=AddTrust Public CA Root
Certificate added: C=SE, O=AddTrust AB, OU=AddTrust TTP Network, CN=AddTrust Qualified CA Root
Certificate added: C=US, O=AffirmTrust, CN=AffirmTrust Commercial
Certificate added: C=US, O=AffirmTrust, CN=AffirmTrust Networking
Certificate added: C=US, O=AffirmTrust, CN=AffirmTrust Premium
Certificate added: C=US, O=AffirmTrust, CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC
Certificate added: C=JP, O=Japanese Government, OU=ApplicationCA
Certificate added: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011, O=Atos, C=DE
Certificate added: C=ES, CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
Certificate added: C=IE, O=Baltimore, OU=CyberTrust, CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root
Certificate added: C=NO, O=Buypass AS-983163327, CN=Buypass Class 2 CA 1
Certificate added: C=NO, O=Buypass AS-983163327, CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA
Certificate added: C=NO, O=Buypass AS-983163327, CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA
Certificate added: C=SK, L=Bratislava, O=Disig a.s., CN=CA Disig Root R1
Certificate added: C=SK, L=Bratislava, O=Disig a.s., CN=CA Disig Root R2
Certificate added: C=CN, O=WoSign CA Limited, CN=CA WoSign ECC Root
Certificate added: C=CN, O=China Financial Certification Authority, CN=CFCA EV ROOT
Certificate added: C=CN, O=CNNIC, CN=CNNIC ROOT
Certificate added: C=GB, S=Greater Manchester, L=Salford, O=COMODO CA Limited, CN=COMODO Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=GB, S=Greater Manchester, L=Salford, O=COMODO CA Limited, CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=GB, S=Greater Manchester, L=Salford, O=COMODO CA Limited, CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=EU, O=AC Camerfirma SA CIF A82743287, OU=http://www.chambersign.org, CN=Chambers of Commerce Root
Certificate added: C=EU, O=AC Camerfirma SA CIF A82743287, OU=http://www.chambersign.org, CN=Global Chambersign Root
Certificate added: C=CN, O=WoSign CA Limited, CN=Certification Authority of WoSign G2
Certificate added: C=FR, O=Dhimyotis, CN=Certigna
Certificate added: C=FR, O=Certinomis, OU=0002 433998903, CN=Certinomis - Autorité Racine
Certificate added: C=FR, O=Certinomis, OU=0002 433998903, CN=Certinomis - Root CA
Certificate added: C=FR, O=Certplus, CN=Class 2 Primary CA
Certificate added: C=FR, O=Certplus, CN=Certplus Root CA G1
Certificate added: C=FR, O=Certplus, CN=Certplus Root CA G2
Certificate added: C=PL, O=Unizeto Sp. z o.o., CN=Certum CA
Certificate added: C=PL, O=Unizeto Technologies S.A., OU=Certum Certification Authority, CN=Certum Trusted Network CA
Certificate added: C=PL, O=Unizeto Technologies S.A., OU=Certum Certification Authority, CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2
Certificate added: C=EU, L=Madrid (see current address at www.camerfirma.com/address), OID.2.5.4.5=A82743287, O=AC Camerfirma S.A., CN=Chambers of Commerce Root - 2008
Certificate added: C=CN, O=China Internet Network Information Center, CN=China Internet Network Information Center EV Certificates Root
Certificate added: C=GB, S=Greater Manchester, L=Salford, O=Comodo CA Limited, CN=AAA Certificate Services
Certificate added: C=GB, S=Greater Manchester, L=Salford, O=Comodo CA Limited, CN=Secure Certificate Services
Certificate added: C=GB, S=Greater Manchester, L=Salford, O=Comodo CA Limited, CN=Trusted Certificate Services
Certificate added: O="Cybertrust, Inc", CN=Cybertrust Global Root
Certificate added: C=DE, O=D-Trust GmbH, CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009
Certificate added: C=DE, O=D-Trust GmbH, CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009
Certificate added: C=US, O=Digital Signature Trust, OU=DST ACES, CN=DST ACES CA X6
Certificate added: O=Digital Signature Trust Co., CN=DST Root CA X3
Certificate added: C=DE, O=Deutsche Telekom AG, OU=T-TeleSec Trust Center, CN=Deutsche Telekom Root CA 2
Certificate added: C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root CA
Certificate added: C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2
Certificate added: C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3
Certificate added: C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert Global Root CA
Certificate added: C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert Global Root G2
Certificate added: C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert Global Root G3
Certificate added: C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA
Certificate added: C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4
Certificate added: C=TR, L=Ankara, O=E-Tuğra EBG Bilişim Teknolojileri ve Hizmetleri A.Ş., OU=E-Tugra Sertifikasyon Merkezi, CN=E-Tugra Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=ES, O=Agencia Catalana de Certificacio (NIF Q-0801176-I), OU=Serveis Publics de Certificacio, OU=Vegeu https://www.catcert.net/verarrel (c)03, OU=Jerarquia Entitats de Certificacio Catalanes, CN=EC-ACC
Certificate added: C=EE, O=AS Sertifitseerimiskeskus, CN=EE Certification Centre Root CA, [email protected]
Certificate added: O=Entrust.net, OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.), OU=(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited, CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048)
Certificate added: C=US, O="Entrust, Inc.", OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference, OU="(c) 2006 Entrust, Inc.", CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=US, O="Entrust, Inc.", OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms, OU="(c) 2012 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only", CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1
Certificate added: C=US, O="Entrust, Inc.", OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms, OU="(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only", CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2
Certificate added: C=US, O=GeoTrust Inc., CN=GeoTrust Global CA
Certificate added: C=US, O=GeoTrust Inc., CN=GeoTrust Global CA 2
Certificate added: C=US, O=GeoTrust Inc., CN=GeoTrust Primary Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=US, O=GeoTrust Inc., OU=(c) 2007 GeoTrust Inc. - For authorized use only, CN=GeoTrust Primary Certification Authority - G2
Certificate added: C=US, O=GeoTrust Inc., OU=(c) 2008 GeoTrust Inc. - For authorized use only, CN=GeoTrust Primary Certification Authority - G3
Certificate added: C=US, O=GeoTrust Inc., CN=GeoTrust Universal CA
Certificate added: C=US, O=GeoTrust Inc., CN=GeoTrust Universal CA 2
Certificate added: OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4, O=GlobalSign, CN=GlobalSign
Certificate added: OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5, O=GlobalSign, CN=GlobalSign
Certificate added: C=BE, O=GlobalSign nv-sa, OU=Root CA, CN=GlobalSign Root CA
Certificate added: OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2, O=GlobalSign, CN=GlobalSign
Certificate added: OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3, O=GlobalSign, CN=GlobalSign
Certificate added: C=EU, L=Madrid (see current address at www.camerfirma.com/address), OID.2.5.4.5=A82743287, O=AC Camerfirma S.A., CN=Global Chambersign Root - 2008
Certificate added: C=US, O="The Go Daddy Group, Inc.", OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=US, S=Arizona, L=Scottsdale, O="GoDaddy.com, Inc.", CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2
Certificate added: C=GR, L=Athens, O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions Cert. Authority, CN=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions ECC RootCA 2015
Certificate added: C=GR, O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions Cert. Authority, CN=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions RootCA 2011
Certificate added: C=GR, L=Athens, O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions Cert. Authority, CN=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions RootCA 2015
Certificate added: C=HK, O=Hongkong Post, CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 1
Certificate added: C=US, O=Internet Security Research Group, CN=ISRG Root X1
Certificate added: C=US, O=IdenTrust, CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1
Certificate added: C=US, O=IdenTrust, CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1
Certificate added: C=ES, O=IZENPE S.A., CN=Izenpe.com
Certificate added: C=HU, L=Budapest, O=Microsec Ltd., OU=e-Szigno CA, CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA
Certificate added: C=HU, L=Budapest, O=Microsec Ltd., CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009, [email protected]
Certificate added: C=HU, L=Budapest, O=NetLock Kft., OU=Tanúsítványkiadók (Certification Services), CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) Főtanúsítvány
Certificate added: C=US, O=Network Solutions L.L.C., CN=Network Solutions Certificate Authority
Certificate added: C=CH, O=WISeKey, OU=Copyright (c) 2005, OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed, CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GA CA
Certificate added: C=CH, O=WISeKey, OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed, CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA
Certificate added: C=FR, O=OpenTrust, CN=OpenTrust Root CA G1
Certificate added: C=FR, O=OpenTrust, CN=OpenTrust Root CA G2
Certificate added: C=FR, O=OpenTrust, CN=OpenTrust Root CA G3
Certificate added: [email protected], L=Chacao, S=Miranda, OU=Proveedor de Certificados PROCERT, O=Sistema Nacional de Certificacion Electronica, C=VE, CN=PSCProcert
Certificate added: C=BM, O=QuoVadis Limited, OU=Root Certification Authority, CN=QuoVadis Root Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=BM, O=QuoVadis Limited, CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3
Certificate added: C=BM, O=QuoVadis Limited, CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2
Certificate added: C=BM, O=QuoVadis Limited, CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3
Certificate added: C=BM, O=QuoVadis Limited, CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3
Certificate added: C=BM, O=QuoVadis Limited, CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3
Certificate added: O=RSA Security Inc, OU=RSA Security 2048 V3
Certificate added: C=ES, O=Generalitat Valenciana, OU=PKIGVA, CN=Root CA Generalitat Valenciana
Certificate added: C=PL, O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A., CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2
Certificate added: C=JP, O="Japan Certification Services, Inc.", CN=SecureSign RootCA11
Certificate added: C=US, O=SecureTrust Corporation, CN=SecureTrust CA
Certificate added: C=US, O=SecureTrust Corporation, CN=Secure Global CA
Certificate added: C=JP, O="SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.", OU=Security Communication EV RootCA1
Certificate added: C=JP, O="SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.", OU=Security Communication RootCA2
Certificate added: C=JP, O=SECOM Trust.net, OU=Security Communication RootCA1
Certificate added: C=FI, O=Sonera, CN=Sonera Class2 CA
Certificate added: C=NL, O=Staat der Nederlanden, CN=Staat der Nederlanden EV Root CA
Certificate added: C=NL, O=Staat der Nederlanden, CN=Staat der Nederlanden Root CA - G2
Certificate added: C=NL, O=Staat der Nederlanden, CN=Staat der Nederlanden Root CA - G3
Certificate added: C=US, O="Starfield Technologies, Inc.", OU=Starfield Class 2 Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=US, S=Arizona, L=Scottsdale, O="Starfield Technologies, Inc.", CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2
Certificate added: C=US, S=Arizona, L=Scottsdale, O="Starfield Technologies, Inc.", CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2
Certificate added: C=IL, O=StartCom Ltd., OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing, CN=StartCom Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=IL, O=StartCom Ltd., OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing, CN=StartCom Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=IL, O=StartCom Ltd., CN=StartCom Certification Authority G2
Certificate added: C=CH, O=SwissSign AG, CN=SwissSign Gold CA - G2
Certificate added: C=CH, O=SwissSign AG, CN=SwissSign Silver CA - G2
Certificate added: C=ch, O=Swisscom, OU=Digital Certificate Services, CN=Swisscom Root CA 1
Certificate added: C=ch, O=Swisscom, OU=Digital Certificate Services, CN=Swisscom Root CA 2
Certificate added: C=ch, O=Swisscom, OU=Digital Certificate Services, CN=Swisscom Root EV CA 2
Certificate added: C=DE, O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH, OU=T-Systems Trust Center, CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2
Certificate added: C=DE, O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH, OU=T-Systems Trust Center, CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3
Certificate added: CN=TÜRKTRUST Elektronik Sertifika Hizmet Sağlayıcısı, C=TR, L=Ankara, O=TÜRKTRUST Bilgi İletişim ve Bilişim Güvenliği Hizmetleri A.Ş. (c) Aralık 2007
Certificate added: C=TW, O=TAIWAN-CA, OU=Root CA, CN=TWCA Global Root CA
Certificate added: C=TW, O=TAIWAN-CA, OU=Root CA, CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=TW, O=Government Root Certification Authority
Certificate added: O=TeliaSonera, CN=TeliaSonera Root CA v1
Certificate added: C=GB, O=Trustis Limited, OU=Trustis FPS Root CA
Certificate added: C=TR, L=Gebze - Kocaeli, O=Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu - TÜBİTAK, OU=Ulusal Elektronik ve Kriptoloji Araştırma Enstitüsü - UEKAE, OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi, CN=TÜBİTAK UEKAE Kök Sertifika Hizmet Sağlayıcısı - Sürüm 3
Certificate added: C=TR, L=Ankara, O=TÜRKTRUST Bilgi İletişim ve Bilişim Güvenliği Hizmetleri A.Ş., CN=TÜRKTRUST Elektronik Sertifika Hizmet Sağlayıcısı H5
Certificate added: C=TR, L=Ankara, O=TÜRKTRUST Bilgi İletişim ve Bilişim Güvenliği Hizmetleri A.Ş., CN=TÜRKTRUST Elektronik Sertifika Hizmet Sağlayıcısı H6
Certificate added: C=US, S=New Jersey, L=Jersey City, O=The USERTRUST Network, CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=US, S=New Jersey, L=Jersey City, O=The USERTRUST Network, CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=US, S=UT, L=Salt Lake City, O=The USERTRUST Network, OU=http://www.usertrust.com, CN=UTN-USERFirst-Hardware
Certificate added: C=US, O="VeriSign, Inc.", OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU="(c) 2007 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G4
Certificate added: C=US, O="VeriSign, Inc.", OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU="(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
Certificate added: C=US, O="VeriSign, Inc.", OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU="(c) 2008 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN=VeriSign Universal Root Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=US, O="VeriSign, Inc.", OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU="(c) 1999 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G3
Certificate added: C=US, O=VISA, OU=Visa International Service Association, CN=Visa eCommerce Root
Certificate added: C=US, O=Wells Fargo WellsSecure, OU=Wells Fargo Bank NA, CN=WellsSecure Public Root Certificate Authority
Certificate added: C=CN, O=WoSign CA Limited, CN=Certification Authority of WoSign
Certificate added: C=CN, O=WoSign CA Limited, CN=CA 沃通根证书
Certificate added: C=US, OU=www.xrampsecurity.com, O=XRamp Security Services Inc, CN=XRamp Global Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=RO, O=certSIGN, OU=certSIGN ROOT CA
Certificate added: C=TW, O="Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.", OU=ePKI Root Certification Authority
Certificate added: C=US, O="thawte, Inc.", OU=Certification Services Division, OU="(c) 2006 thawte, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN=thawte Primary Root CA
Certificate added: C=US, O="thawte, Inc.", OU="(c) 2007 thawte, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN=thawte Primary Root CA - G2
Certificate added: C=US, O="thawte, Inc.", OU=Certification Services Division, OU="(c) 2008 thawte, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN=thawte Primary Root CA - G3
Certificate added: O=Root CA, OU=http://www.cacert.org, CN=CA Cert Signing Authority, [email protected]
Certificate added: O=CAcert Inc., OU=http://www.CAcert.org, CN=CAcert Class 3 Root
157 new root certificates were added to your trust store.
Import process completed.
(3/4) installing keepass [######################] 100%
Optional dependencies for keepass
Estoy interesado en saber por qué estos certificados y quién los mantiene. El problema es que no puedo encontrar una respuesta, ¿cómo funciona la verificación de firma de paquete pacman y es vulnerable a los ataques MITM cuando se ejecuta la sincronización de la lista de paquetes?